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PRIMARY MATERIALS
67
NICKEL SULFIDES
NICKEL LIMONITES
explosives power
power
reagents
O2 O2 O2 SiO2
O2 O2 coke power
O2 CO2
Acid effluents
fuels power
CaCO3 H2O
CO2
CO2
CO2
effluents
CO2
Cu (!)
Flash furnace
Ni conc Convert Matte
SO2
CO SO2
SO2
SO2
H2SO4(!)
H2SO4 H2SO4 (!)
H2S MgO
H2SO4 O2 NH3
heat H2 power
(1)+(2): (NH4)2SO4 (!)
(3): CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
Sulfide
Hydroxide
(1)-(3): heat (1)-(3): reagents
CO (1)+(2): heat H2 (3): power
power
Co Co (!)
(!)
Co Co (!)
(!)
CO 2 Co (!)
Carbonyl (Mond)
Electro-refining
Mining
Crushing & grinding
Froth flotation
Figure 50: Process chain diagram for nickel class 1 90
NICKEL CLASS 1 S
Acid plant
H2SO4 steam
Mining
Screening and upgrading
High pressure acid leach Neutralization & CCD
Roasting
Electric furnace
ing Precip sulfide
Precip hydroxide
Leach: (1) Cl2 (2) NH4 (3) H2SO4 Solvent Extraction
Releaching
Solvent extraction
Hydrogen reduction
Releaching
Solvent extraction
Electro- winning
(1)+(2)Hydrogen reduction
(3) Electrowin
