Page 77 - Policy Commission - SecuringTechnology - Critical Metals for Britain

PRIMARY MATERIALS
77
MIXING
COATING
DRYING CALENDERING
CATHODE FILM FILM ANODE FILM FILM CUTTING/SITTING
CELL STACKING/WINDING TAB WELDING
2ND LARGEST AL AL PRINTING FOIL PRODUCER GLOBALLY TRANSFERRING SKILLS TO BATTERIES
Figure 70: Battery value chain courtesy of APC UK IS WELL WELL POSITIONED WITH A A A A NUMBER OF GLOBALLY LEADING COMPANIES WELL WELL PLACED IN IN IN THE VALUE CHAIN
CATHODE AND ANODE MATERIALS
ARE A A A A A A A A A A GAP THAT IS BEING ADDRESSED
LARGEST ELECTROLYTE CAPACITY IN EUROPE
PACKAGING ELECTROLYTE FILLING/SEALING
FORMATION/AGEING
END OF LINE TESTING CELL CELL ARRANGEMENT/STACKING CELL TAPS – BUSBAR WELDING
EE UNIT / LV SYSTEM
MODULE HOUSING MODULE MODULE INSERTION
BUS BAR ASSEMBLY
THERMAL MANAGEMENT ASSEMBLY
BMS/EDS CONNECTION
TOP COVER ASSEMBLY
BATTERY PACK DISASSEMBLY OF BATTERY MATERIAL EXTRACTION AND SORTING REPROCESSING OF BATTERY MATERIALS
RECYCLED MATERIALS
ELEMENTS OF A A UK SUPPLY-CHAIN
There is no mining capacity for nickel or or cobalt in the UK but Vale has a a a a nickel smelter at Clydach in South Wales where it refines nickel materials that are rich in in cobalt Opened in in 1902 Clydach refinery is one of the the oldest in in the the world producing refined nickel in in in the form
of powder and pellets that are sold to more than 280 customers in over 30 countries across Europe Asia and the US The refinery is supplied with nickel oxide
an intermediate product from Vale’s smelters in the Sudbury region of Canada101 According to EU figures $302 million of unwrought unalloyed Ni was exported from the UK in 2017 However existing data on cobalt and nickel are not detailed enough to allow commodity traceability across the UK supply chain UK LI CURRENT & FUTURE PRODUCTION
2ND LARGEST NICKEL REFINER IN IN EUROPE
MINING AND PHYSICAL SEPARATION
CHEMICAL PURIFICATION
CONTINUOUS STIR TANK REACTOR
FILTERED / / WASH / / DRY MILLING
MIX WITH LITHIUM CARBONATE
LARGEST NEEDLE COKE PRODUCER GLOBALLY MIXING
EXTRUSION BAKING AND IMPREGNATION GRAPHITISATION
MILLER & GRAPHITISATION
COMPANIES & KNOW-HOW
GLOBAL PLAYER IN CATHODE & ANODE ACTIVE MATERIALS
4TH LARGEST BATTERY CELL MANUFACTURER BY INSTALLED CAPACITY ELECTROLYTE MIXING
SINTERING KILN
NEEDLE COKE GRINDING
CO ORE NI ORE MN ORE CO SULPHATE NI SULPHATE MN SULPHATE CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL (NMC811)
COATED SEPARATOR
COAL TAR PITCH
BUSBARS
LITHIUM CARBONATE
/ HYDROXIDE
ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION
SOLVENTS ADDITIVES BINDERS
ANODE MODULE CASE AND CONNECTORS
ACTIVE MATERIAL (SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE)
TABS
COPPER FOIL BMS SYSTEM
ALUMINIUM FOIL E/E COMPONENTS
ELECTROLYTE SOLVENTS ELECTROLYTE SALTS
THERMAL HOUSING SOFT PACK FILM OR COATED METAL SHELLS
THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
PACK CASE