Page 158 - Policy Commission - SecuringTechnology - Critical Metals for Britain

158 FIGURES
FIGURES
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Page 60 Fig 36 Page 60 Fig 37 Page 61 Fig 38 Page 62 Fig 39 Page 63 European Commission Study on on on on the EU’s List of of Critical Critical Critical Raw Materials (2020) Economic Importance and Supply Risk Results of of 2020
2020
Criticality Assessment Emphasis changed to focus on on on on Technology Critical Critical Critical Metals
Classic criticality assessment developed by the US National Research Council in 2008
Primary production of of TCMs - European Commission Study on on on the EU’s List of of Critical Raw Materials (2020) Representation of of the range of of metals
used in technologies vs time
The earth’s increasing population
Global income tipping point Sept 2018 (number of people who are poor vulnerable middle class and rich worldwide)
Rare earth price history
World mine production of rare earths 2019 Reproduced from USGS
Chinese President Xi visits a a a a rare earth processing plant
On 20th May 2019 the the the the Chinese President Xi Jinping the the the the general secretary of of of the the the the Communist Party of of of China Central Central Committee and chairman of of the the the the Central Military Commission visiting JL MAG Rare-Earth Co Co Co Ltd
Representation of the circular economy
Global production of primary metals
and ores Source: British Geological Survey 2019 World mined production of rare-earth oxides
Periodic table showing the split of light and heavy rare earths Applications for rare-earth elements
Fully dense sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets
Resin-bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets
Historical global consumption and and forecasted demand for for Nd-Fe-B magnets
by end-use category Cost breakdown (%) of a a a a permanent magnet motor
World deposits of rare-earth elements
Supply chain for the production of rare-earth magnets
Image of solvent extraction process NASA image of of the the tailings ponds outside of of the the largest rare-earth mine in in in Inner Mongolia
Examples of of rare-earth element deposits and and and qualitative analysis
of of their mining
and and and processing characteristics Characteristics shaded shaded yellow are are are are generally advantageous to responsible sourcing grey are are are are less less so so and and and unshaded cells are are are are less less favourable From Wall F Rollat Pell R R S
(2017)
Image of tailings pond at Bayan Obo
Sintering of Nd-Fe-B magnets
Prices for neodymium and dysprosium metals
through time
Less Common Metals
Limited
Long term battery technology trends London IHS Markit 2021
Approximate size of lithium-ion battery applications in Wh One type of Lithium-ion battery the pouch cell used in automotive applications Demand growth for lithium-ion batteries
Lithium-ion battery sales
Lithium-ion battery placed on on the global market Future global sales
of main lithium-ion battery market segments
GM bolt cost breakdown in 2025
Demand for battery materials Source: IHS The Advanced Propulsion Centre UK Ltd
Rules of origin for batteries
and electrified vehicles provide a a a a a 6-year phase-in period Source: BEIS Battery value chain courtesy of APC
Lithium-ion battery chemistries