Page 160 - Policy Commission - SecuringTechnology - Critical Metals for Britain

160 FIGURES
Fig 87 Page 95 Fig 88 Page 96 Fig 89 Page 97 Fig 90 Page 98 Fig 91 Page 98 Fig 92 Page 98 Fig 93 Page 99 Fig 94 Page 100 Fig 95 Page 101 Fig 96 Page 102 Fig 97 Page 103
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Page 106 Fig 104 Page 106 Fig 105 Page 107 Fig 106 Page 108 Fig 107 Page 108 Fig 108 Page 109 Fig 109 109 Page 109 109 Fig 110 Page 109 Fig 111 Page 110 Fig 112 112 Page 112 112 Fig 113 113 Page 113 113 Fig 114 114 Page 114 114 Fig 115 Page 116 Fig 116 Page 117 Fig 117 117 Page 117 117 Fig 118 118 Page 118 118 The Waste Management Hierarchy & Range of Recycling Options for lithium-ion batteries Breakdown of technology-critical metals in a a a a mobile phone
Composition by weight of of a a a a typical end of of life electric vehicle vehicle and an an ICE vehicle vehicle Depollution facility (EMR)
Auto shredder residue (ASR) plant
Shredded electronics
Examples of processes uses at an an ASR plant
Examples of components that contain technology-critical metals in in an electric vehicle The challenges of of disassembling lithium-ion batteries at at different levels of of scale ERECON prioritisation list for the recycling of rare earth magnets
Nd-Fe-B Nd-Fe-B Nd-Fe-B demand demand and and and and net net supply from EOL magnets
(losses during collection & disassembly have been subtracted) low and and and and high Nd-Fe-B Nd-Fe-B Nd-Fe-B demand demand scenario years 2020-30 tonnes Nd-Fe-B Nd-Fe-B Nd-Fe-B Toyota Prius generator and motor
Rotor from an electric motor
with glued Nd-Fe-B magnets
Rotor from an electric motor
after shredding
Shredded hard disk drives
Permanent-magnet powder cascading down the the side of the the shredder plant
Dismantling of a a a a a a Nissan Leaf to expose Nd-Fe-B magnet containing components Challenges of EV motor
disassembly at different scales
Separator from a a a a a a recycling plant
with surface-mounted Nd-Fe-B magnets
Sensing of magnetic flux above a a a a hard disk drive Automated handling and and separation of voice coil motor
from hard disk drives
Voice coil motors from hard disk drives
Voice coil magnets
after HPMS processing
HPMS Pilot plant
at the University of Birmingham
Simplified representation of the re-processing options for extracted Nd-Fe-B magnets
compared to primary production The lithium-ion battery end of life market
Cylindrical prismatic and pouch battery cell configurations
Five of of the common processe for recycling of of lithium-ion batteries Source
Quantities of PGM’s produced worldwide from primary and secondary sources
Lab experiment on on hydrometallurgical separation of PGMs
Cutaway catalytic convertor
Rolls-Royce jet engine