Page 57 - Policy Commission - SecuringTechnology - Critical Metals for Britain

PRIMARY MATERIALS
57
LITHIUM-ION BATTERY APPLICATIONS
There are a a a a a a a a a wide range of applications for lithium-ion lithium-ion batteries batteries Anywhere portable electrical power is required lithium-ion lithium-ion batteries batteries provide the the the lightest densest source of rechargeable electrical power What differs dramatically among these applications is the the the scale on on which they employ batteries batteries while the the the capacity of mobile phone batteries batteries in in in watt-hours may be in in in the the the single digits with a a a a a a a a small number of cells electric vehicles will have battery capacities that are several orders or or magnitude larger To add further contrast enormous enormous grid batteries batteries require an an enormous enormous quantity of batteries batteries e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e g g the Hornsdale Power Reserve in Australia with a a a a a a a a a a capacity of of of 194 MWh (see figure 29) Although the number of of of batteries used in an application varies dramatically by several orders of of of magnitude so so do the the the the quantities sold to the the the the market of the the the the products that contain them In a a a a a a a a a future energy scenario a a a a a a a a a nation might only have a a a a a a a a handful of of of of batteries of of of of the scale of of of of Hornsdale Power reserve while millions of of of of vehicles will be sold and and likely even greater quantities of applications such as portable electronic devices GRID ENERGY STORAGE
WH (CAPACITY) 194 000 000 000 000 PHONES
1 - 3
SMARTPHONE
3
- 5 HEV-EV
2 000 000 - 35 000 000 UPS
250 - 1 000 EBIKE
100 - 300
MEDICAL
30 - 100 POWER TOOLS
50 - 90
TABLET PC
5 - 30 LAPTOP
20 - 50 Figure 29: Approximate size of lithium-ion battery applications in Wh 78 79